Comparative Study of LD50 Determination of Bisphenol A in Albino Wistar Rats Using Different Method

Background and Objective: The intake of chemical substances by man has increased dramatically, mostly as consumables such as food and other household products. Bisphenol A (BPA) can elicit mild or severe toxicity, depending the extent of exposure. Bisphenol A is commonly used in most consumer goods and products. Attention has been placed on BPA’s impact as an endocrine disruptor. The toxicity studies of BPA have been debated over the years and the LD₅₀ values of Bisphenol A found in literature are different. This study attempts to determine the oral and subcutaneous LD₅₀ of Bisphenol A in male and female albino Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: The LD₅₀ was estimated using Lorkes, Karbers arithmetic methods and grouping methods. Graded doses of Bisphenol A ranging from 5000-1000 mg/kg b.wt., were for oral administration and 500-100 mg/kg b.wt., was used for subcutaneous administration. All rats were examined for mortality and clinical symptoms during the experiment. Results: The results showed that the LD₅₀ was significantly different between the male and female species using the 3 different methods, with the male rats having higher LD₅₀ values. The values of the LD₅₀ were higher for the oral route of administration compared to the subcutaneous route and similar clinical sign changes were observed in the various experimental groups. Conclusion: The LD₅₀ obtained is high, this finding implies that BPA can produce effects that lead to biochemical and functional impairments in cells, tissues and organs, this will in turn alter the biomolecules and functioning of the organism which if prolonged can be fatal.